輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)憑借自重輕、強(qiáng)度高、施工便捷的特點(diǎn)，在濟(jì)南的工業(yè)廠房、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)設(shè)施、低層建筑中應(yīng)用廣泛。其施工步驟需兼顧結(jié)構(gòu)安全與地域特性，從前期規(guī)劃到最終驗(yàn)收，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都需結(jié)合濟(jì)南的地質(zhì)條件、氣候特征進(jìn)行針對(duì)性操作，確保建筑質(zhì)量與使用性能。

　　Lightweight steel structures are widely used in industrial plants, storage facilities, and low rise buildings in Jinan due to their light weight, high strength, and convenient construction. The construction steps need to take into account both structural safety and regional characteristics. From early planning to final acceptance, each link needs to be targeted based on the geological conditions and climate characteristics of Jinan to ensure building quality and performance.

　　前期勘察與方案定制是施工的基礎(chǔ)。濟(jì)南地處魯中南山地與華北平原過渡帶，部分區(qū)域地質(zhì)存在巖溶、土層不均等情況，需先通過地質(zhì)勘察明確地基承載力、地下水位等數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)勘察結(jié)果設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)方案：在土層穩(wěn)定區(qū)域可采用獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)巖溶發(fā)育區(qū)則需進(jìn)行地基處理（如注漿填充溶洞），避免后期結(jié)構(gòu)沉降。同時(shí)，結(jié)合濟(jì)南夏季多雨、冬季多風(fēng)的氣候，在方案中強(qiáng)化屋面排水坡度設(shè)計(jì)（通常不小于 5%）、優(yōu)化抗風(fēng)柱間距，確保結(jié)構(gòu)在極端天氣下的穩(wěn)定性。方案確定后，需完成構(gòu)件尺寸復(fù)核、材料選型（如選用耐候性強(qiáng)的 Q355B 鋼材）等準(zhǔn)備工作，為后續(xù)施工提供精準(zhǔn)依據(jù)。

　　Pre survey and customized plans are the foundation of construction. Jinan is located in the transitional zone between the mountains in the middle and south of Shandong Province and the North China Plain. There are karst and uneven soil layers in some regions. It is necessary to clarify the foundation bearing capacity, groundwater level and other data through geological survey first. Design a foundation plan based on the survey results: independent foundations can be used in areas with stable soil layers, while foundation treatment (such as grouting to fill caves) is required in areas with karst development to avoid structural settlement in the later stage. At the same time, considering the rainy summer and windy winter climate in Jinan, the roof drainage slope design (usually not less than 5%) is strengthened and the spacing between wind resistant columns is optimized in the plan to ensure the stability of the structure under extreme weather conditions. After the plan is determined, preparation work such as component size review and material selection (such as using Q355B steel with strong weather resistance) needs to be completed to provide accurate basis for subsequent construction.

　　構(gòu)件工廠加工與質(zhì)量把控直接影響現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝效率。輕型鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的梁、柱、檁條等構(gòu)件多在工廠預(yù)制加工，需根據(jù)施工圖紙進(jìn)行數(shù)控切割、焊接、鉆孔等工序。濟(jì)南地區(qū)對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)焊接質(zhì)量要求嚴(yán)格，焊縫需達(dá)到二級(jí)以上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，焊接后需通過超聲波探傷檢測(cè)，避免因焊接缺陷影響結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度。構(gòu)件表面處理需適配濟(jì)南的濕潤(rùn)環(huán)境，采用噴砂除銹（除銹等級(jí)達(dá)到 Sa2.5 級(jí)）后噴涂環(huán)氧富鋅底漆，增強(qiáng)抗腐蝕能力。加工完成的構(gòu)件需標(biāo)注編號(hào)與安裝方向，按運(yùn)輸順序裝車，運(yùn)輸過程中對(duì)易變形構(gòu)件（如細(xì)長(zhǎng)檁條）進(jìn)行加固，防止因濟(jì)南市區(qū)道路顛簸造成構(gòu)件變形。

　　The processing and quality control of component factories directly affect the efficiency of on-site installation. The beams, columns, purlins and other components of lightweight steel structures are mostly prefabricated and processed in factories, requiring CNC cutting, welding, drilling and other processes according to the construction drawings. The Jinan area has strict requirements for the welding quality of steel structures, and the welds must meet the second level or above standards. After welding, ultrasonic testing must be carried out to avoid affecting the structural strength due to welding defects. The surface treatment of the components needs to be adapted to the humid environment in Jinan, using sandblasting to remove rust (with a rust removal grade of Sa2.5) and then spraying epoxy zinc rich primer to enhance corrosion resistance. The processed components need to be labeled with numbers and installation directions, and loaded in the order of transportation. During transportation, easily deformed components (such as slender purlins) should be reinforced to prevent deformation caused by bumpy roads in Jinan city.

　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝的分步實(shí)施需遵循精準(zhǔn)對(duì)接原則?；A(chǔ)驗(yàn)收合格后，首先進(jìn)行鋼柱安裝：利用吊車將鋼柱吊裝到位，通過臨時(shí)支撐固定，使用全站儀校正垂直度（偏差控制在 1/1000 柱高以內(nèi)），無誤后緊固地腳螺栓。接著安裝屋面梁與墻面梁，采用高強(qiáng)螺栓連接節(jié)點(diǎn)（螺栓終擰扭矩需符合設(shè)計(jì)要求），濟(jì)南多風(fēng)環(huán)境下需先完成部分屋面檁條安裝，形成穩(wěn)定的 “梁 - 檁” 體系后再拆除臨時(shí)支撐，避免結(jié)構(gòu)失穩(wěn)。檁條、拉條等次要構(gòu)件安裝時(shí)，需確保間距均勻，拉條松緊度一致，以增強(qiáng)屋面整體剛度。對(duì)于跨度較大的建筑，可在屋面設(shè)置橫向支撐，提升抗側(cè)移能力。

　　The step-by-step implementation of on-site installation should follow the principle of precise docking. After the basic acceptance is qualified, the first step is to install the steel columns: use a crane to lift the steel columns into place, fix them with temporary supports, use a total station to calibrate the verticality (with a deviation controlled within 1/1000 column height), and tighten the anchor bolts after confirming that there are no errors. Next, install the roof beams and wall beams, using high-strength bolts to connect the nodes (the final tightening torque of the bolts must meet the design requirements). In the windy environment of Jinan, it is necessary to first complete the installation of some roof purlins to form a stable "beam purlin" system before removing temporary supports to avoid structural instability. When installing secondary components such as purlins and braces, it is necessary to ensure uniform spacing and consistent tension of the braces to enhance the overall stiffness of the roof. For buildings with large spans, horizontal supports can be installed on the roof to enhance its resistance to lateral displacement.

　　圍護(hù)系統(tǒng)安裝與細(xì)節(jié)處理關(guān)乎建筑的功能性。濟(jì)南夏季高溫多雨，屋面與墻面圍護(hù)板（如彩鋼板）安裝時(shí)需重點(diǎn)處理接縫密封：屋面采用咬合式連接，搭接長(zhǎng)度不小于 100mm，接縫處涂刷硅酮密封膠；墻面圍護(hù)板安裝需預(yù)留伸縮縫，避免溫度變化導(dǎo)致板材起拱。門窗洞口周邊需增設(shè)加強(qiáng)檁條，確保安裝牢固，同時(shí)在洞口與圍護(hù)板交接處做防水處理。為應(yīng)對(duì)濟(jì)南冬季低溫，可在屋面夾層鋪設(shè)保溫棉（厚度根據(jù)節(jié)能要求確定），保溫棉接縫處用膠帶密封，防止熱量流失。

　　The installation and detailed treatment of the enclosure system are related to the functionality of the building. Jinan is hot and rainy in summer, and the installation of roof and wall enclosure panels (such as color steel plates) requires special attention to joint sealing: the roof adopts a bite type connection, with a lap length of not less than 100mm, and the joints are coated with silicone sealant; Expansion joints should be reserved for the installation of wall enclosure panels to avoid arching caused by temperature changes. Strengthening purlins should be added around the door and window openings to ensure secure installation, and waterproof treatment should be carried out at the junction of the opening and the enclosure board. To cope with the low temperature in winter in Jinan, insulation cotton (thickness determined according to energy-saving requirements) can be laid in the roof interlayer, and the joints of the insulation cotton should be sealed with tape to prevent heat loss.

　　竣工驗(yàn)收與后期維護(hù)保障結(jié)構(gòu)長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定。施工完成后，需檢查鋼結(jié)構(gòu)整體垂直度、屋面坡度、螺栓緊固度等指標(biāo)，通過荷載試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證屋面承重能力（如模擬濟(jì)南暴雨天氣的積水荷載）。驗(yàn)收合格后，清理構(gòu)件表面污漬，對(duì)運(yùn)輸或安裝過程中損壞的涂層進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)。交付使用后，建議每年對(duì)鋼結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行一次維護(hù)：檢查螺栓是否松動(dòng)、涂層是否剝落，尤其注意屋檐、墻角等易積水部位的銹蝕情況，及時(shí)處理以延長(zhǎng)建筑使用壽命。

　　Completion acceptance and post maintenance ensure long-term stability of the structure. After the construction is completed, it is necessary to check the overall verticality of the steel structure, roof slope, bolt tightness and other indicators, and verify the roof bearing capacity through the load test (such as the ponding load simulating the rainstorm weather in Jinan). After passing the acceptance inspection, clean the surface stains of the components and repair the damaged coatings during transportation or installation. After delivery for use, it is recommended to maintain the steel structure once a year: check whether the bolts are loose, whether the coating is peeling off, especially pay attention to the corrosion of water prone areas such as eaves and corners, and deal with them in a timely manner to extend the service life of the building.

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